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In grammar, parallelism, also known as parallel structure or parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure.〔Gary Blake and Robert W. Bly, ''The Elements of Technical Writing'', pg. 71. New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1993. ISBN 0020130856〕 The application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.〔For the point about processing, see Carlson, Katy. ''Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Ellipsis Sentences''. Routledge, 2002, (pp. 4–6 ).〕 Parallelism is often achieved using antithesis, anaphora, asyndeton, climax, epistrophe, and symploce.〔 == Examples == Compare the following examples: : * Lacking parallelism: "She likes cooking, jogging, and ''to read''." : * Lacking parallelism: "He likes to swim and ''running''." : * Parallel: "She likes cooking, jogging, and reading." : * Parallel: "She likes to cook, jog, and read." : * Parallel: "He likes to swim and to run." : * Parallel: "He likes swimming and running." In the above example, the first sentence has two gerunds and one infinitive. To make it parallel, the sentence can be rewritten with three gerunds or three infinitives. : * Lacking parallelism: "The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and down the alley he sprinted." : * Parallel: "The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and sprinted down the alley." : * Grammatical but not employing parallelism: "The dog ran across the yard and jumped over the fence, and down the alley he sprinted." Note that the first nonparallel example, while inelegantly worded, is grammatically correct: "cooking," "jogging," and "to read" are all grammatically valid conclusions to "She likes." The third nonparallel example is ''not'' grammatically correct: "down the alley he sprinted" is not a grammatically valid conclusion to "The dog." The final example, which does not attempt to employ parallelism in its conclusion, is grammatically valid; "down the alley he sprinted" is an entirely separate clause. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parallelism (grammar)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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